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Home » MAIN » Page 3

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Armsworth Discusses Climate Adaptation with US Interior Secretary Haaland

March 20, 2024 by wpeeb

armsworth-EEB_haaland-us-interior-visit

United States Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland and US Geological Survey Director Dave Applegate joined students, scientists, and community partners affiliated with the Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center at NC State University in February for detailed conversations about climate adaptation. 

Paul Armsworth, professor in the UT Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, was invited to participate in a roundtable discussion on “Future Landscapes in the Southeast and Caribbean” with Secretary Haaland and Director Applegate, as well as Liz Wright, director of the US Bureau of Ocean and Energy, and an interdisciplinary group of researchers and federal, state and Tribal nation partners. 

“My contribution to the discussion focused on how research can be co-produced with state and federal agencies to support them in their climate adaptation planning,” said Armsworth, who works in partnership with the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies on research to support states planning for climate adaptation. 

Armsworth and staff with the US Fish and Wildlife Service, a federal agency, also participated in a second roundtable with Director Applegate where they shared their experiences working together to support climate adaptation planning. 

“Secretary Haaland, as well as Directors Applegate and Wright, were eager to hear how public research investment has resulted in real-world impact for people and nature by improving management of Southeastern ecosystems,” Armsworth said. “It was neat to be able to share examples with them where our partnership approach bringing together researchers with state and federal partners made that possible.” 

Read more about the Secretary’s visit to the Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center.

Filed Under: MAIN

Kimberly Sheldon’s Research Featured on CBS

February 28, 2024 by Logan Judy

Kimberly Sheldon’s research on climate change effects on dung beetles was featured on CBS Saturday Morning, as part of a segment on insect declines in the Anthropocene.

Filed Under: faculty, Faculty, Featured, MAIN, Sheldon

Graduate Student Wieteke Holthuijzen Published in ‘The Conversation’

February 23, 2024 by Logan Judy

Murderous mice attack and kill nesting albatrosses on Midway Atoll − scientists struggle to stop this gruesome new behavior

Their ‘island naïveté’ means these seabirds are easy pickings when mice attack. USFWS – Pacific Region/Flickr, CC BY-NC
Wieteke Holthuijzen, University of Tennessee

At the far end of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands lies Kuaihelani – also known as Midway Atoll – a small set of islands home to the world’s largest albatross colony. Over a million albatrosses return to Kuaihelani each year to breed. These seemingly pristine islands appear safe, but there’s a predator lurking among the seabirds.

House mice (Mus musculus) — the same kind that may be in your residence — have started to attack and kill albatrosses, eating them alive as they sit on their nests. I’m an ecologist who’s been studying the mystery behind these murderous mice.

A predator hiding in plain sight

Once the site of intense warfare during World War II, Kuaihelani is now a national wildlife refuge.

Without predators such as cats, rats or mongooses, Kuaihelani provides a safe haven for millions of nesting and migratory birds, including mōlī (Phoebastria immutabilis), also known as Laysan albatrosses. These seabirds, each about the size of a goose, nest in nearly the exact same spot each year, producing only one egg annually.

One person holds a large bird while another, wearing medical gloves, inspects a bloody wound on its back.
Biologists examine wounds on an adult mōlī caused by invasive house mice. USFWS – Pacific Region/Flickr, CC BY-NC

In the winter nesting season of 2015, bird-counting volunteers and biologists began seeing gruesome bloody wounds on nesting mōlī. At first, they found only a few mōlī with these mysterious injuries, which included severe chewing along the neck and even scalping. In the weeks that followed, they found dozens of injured mōlī, then hundreds.

Biologists were stumped. Had a black rat escaped off a docked boat? Had a peregrine falcon blown in with the latest winter storm? Desperate to identify the culprit, biologists set up game cameras around nesting mōlī.

Time-lapse night vision footage shows a mouse attacking the head and body of a nesting mōlī.

The cameras captured bizarre nighttime footage of mice crawling and chewing on the backs and heads of mōlī. It was the first time a house mouse had ever been observed attacking a live adult, nesting albatross.

Mōlī, like many seabirds, have evolved without predators on remote islands. As a result, such seabirds are often oddly unafraid and curious – pulling on researchers’ shoelaces or nibbling at our clipboards. This phenomenon is called “island naïveté” and, however charming, can spell disaster when nonnative predators such as rats and cats are introduced to islands. Lacking innate caution, even the largest seabirds can become the defenseless prey of predators as small as a mouse.

A black and white aerial photo of two small island. The one in the foreground has three intersecting landing strips.
The World War II military base on Midway Atoll including an airfield on Eastern Island and more facilities on Sand Island, across the channel. U.S. Navy/Wikimedia Commons

Developing a taste for flesh

During World War II, the islands of Kuaihelani were cleared and covered with wartime infrastructure. Both black rats and house mice were inadvertently introduced at this time. Soon, the rats began decimating populations of burrowing seabirds.

When the military importance of Kuaihelani faded in the 1990s, management of the atoll was transferred to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Rats were successfully eradicated in 1996, but mice remained. Thought to be small and harmless, they didn’t generate much concern until 2015.

Although scientists may never know exactly why mice began to attack and kill mōlī, we have some ideas.

Due to climate change, Kuaihelani has experienced increasingly erratic precipitation, sometimes resulting in long dry spells or intense downpours. During dry periods, vegetation quickly dies back. It’s likely the usual food items for mice, namely seeds and bugs, decline during these periods. In order to survive, mice need to find a different food source.

On an island with millions of birds, seabird carcasses are plentiful and attract a rich community of bugs, including cockroaches, isopods and maggots. Mice appear to have quite an appetite for these critters and likely feed on seabird carcasses at the same time. The transition from scavenging dead seabirds to attacking live ones that don’t fight back is only a small step.

As mouse attacks on nesting mōlī escalated from 2015 on, it was clear something needed to be done – and fast. The solution was to get rid of the mice, which, unfortunately, is much easier said than done.

Die-hard mice

Mouse eradication is a challenging and risky conservation endeavor that requires years of research and careful planning. Ideally, rodenticide, a type of poison used to kill rodents, should be offered when mice are most hungry and likely to eat it. This requires knowing exactly what they are eating and when those food sources are scarce.

By extracting and sequencing DNA from mouse poop and analyzing stable isotopes – a technique that identifies unique chemical fingerprints of organisms – my colleagues and I could figure out what organisms mice were eating and in what quantities. We found that mice on Sand Island of Kuaihelani mainly eat bugs (about 62% of their diet), followed by plants (27%) and finally albatross (likely mōlī, about 12%). The Fish and Wildlife Service identified July as the best time for the eradication attempt, since seabird density is typically lowest then.

Because of COVID-19 disruptions, the eradication attempt was delayed until July 2023, when the nonprofit organization Island Conservation and the Fish and Wildlife Service meticulously applied rodenticide in multiple rounds. At first, it seemed to be working. But in the weeks that followed, a few mice were spotted – then more. By September 2023, the eradication was declared unsuccessful.

Some conservation practitioners believe eradication should be attempted again, but others worry about creating mice resistant to rodenticide. When generations of rodents are exposed to rodenticide repeatedly, they may start to carry genetic mutations resulting in resistance to the poison, making future eradication efforts ineffective.

Without a doubt, mice on Kuaihelani have already been exposed to rodenticide for a long time. When Kuaihelani – or Midway Atoll – was a naval base, rodenticide was likely applied in and around buildings and residences. The rat eradication in 1996 was another exposure. I’m currently researching whether the mice on Kuaihelani already have these genetic mutations.

The worries about rodenticide-resistant mice aren’t limited to Kuaihelani. Around the world, especially in Europe, there are more and more cases of rodents carrying resistance. Rodents continue to have severe and widespread ecological effects on islands worldwide.

For now, I’m focused on helping the mōlī of Kuaihelani survive. But our research may also help inform the growing challenge of resistant mice around the world.The Conversation

Wieteke Holthuijzen, Ph.D. Candidate in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Filed Under: climate change, ecology, Featured, Graduate Students, invasive, MAIN, NSF

Jessica Budke helps identify rare aquatic plants for TVA

February 21, 2024 by ldutton

https://www.tva.com/newsroom/articles/the-race-at-cutoff-reach

Filed Under: Budke, conservation, ecology, extinction, herbarium, invasive, MAIN

More than 180 UT Faculty Members Among World’s Top 2% of Cited Scientists

December 18, 2023 by ldutton

headshot
More than 180 UT Faculty Members Among World’s Top 2% of Cited Scientists

Filed Under: ecology, MAIN, Simberloff

Richard Norby Among Six UT Faculty Members Included Among Highly Cited Researchers

December 18, 2023 by ldutton

headshot

https://news.utk.edu/2023/12/14/six-ut-faculty-members-included-among-highly-cited-researchers/

Filed Under: ecology, Faculty, MAIN

Wieteke A. Holthuijzen, a doctoral student in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, is the first author on a new research study in PLOS on the diets of house mice and their conservation threat on islands. 

November 16, 2023 by ldutton

Read the article here: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0293092

Filed Under: climate change, conservation, ecology, Graduate Students, invasive, MAIN, NSF, plos one, publication, Simberloff

From Plants to Prints: University of Tennessee Printmaking Artists Drawing from Herbarium Specimens

October 20, 2023 by ldutton

Margaret Oliver, collections manager at the UT Herbarium, wrote a piece for the Tennessee Conservationist about a collaboration between a printmaking class here at UT and the Herbarium. Read Margaret’s piece here: https://eeb.utk.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/The-Tennessee-Conservationist-_-Sept_Oct-2023_TENN_HerbariumArt.pdf

Filed Under: Budke, herbarium, MAIN, Research Staff

New study shows more species can be saved if policy-makers and private donors allow even a little more flexibility in where conservation funds can be spent

October 11, 2023 by ldutton

Paper by EEB Professor Dr. Paul Armsworth and colleagues “Multiplying the impact of conservation funding using spatial exchange rates”
Read the paper here: 

http://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2678

Filed Under: Armsworth, conservation, ecology, MAIN, publication

Important new work about invasive species by former EEB grad student, Martin Nunez

September 5, 2023 by ldutton

https://zenodo.org/record/8314303

Filed Under: alumni, Former Graduate Students, invasive, MAIN, Simberloff

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